Data on eye location and details of eye movements have numerous applications and are essential in face detection, biometric identification, and particular human-computer interaction tasks. Global transform and feature based methods using statistical, structural and neural classifiers are summarizedĭespite active research and significant progress in the last 30 years, eye detection and tracking remains challenging due to the individuality of eyes, occlusion, variability in scale, location, and light conditions.
Techniques for segmentation/location of the face, feature extraction and recognition are reviewed. We then present a detailed overview of move than 20 years of research done in the engineering community. This is followed by a brief overview of the literature on face recognition in the psychophysics community. Most importantly, there exists no evaluation or benchmarking studies using large databases with the image quality that arises in commercial and law enforcement applications In this paper, we first present different applications of face recognition in commercial and law enforcement sectors. But very little synergism exists between studies in psychophysics and the engineering literature. Existing techniques and systems have been tested on different sets of images of varying complexities.
Ongoing research activities have been given a renewed emphasis over the last five years. Over the last 20 years researchers in psychophysics, neural sciences and engineering, image processing analysis and computer vision have investigated a number of issues related to face recognition by humans and machines. Such applications have different constraints in terms of complexity of processing requirements and thus present a wide range of different technical challenges. Machine recognition of faces has several applications, ranging from static matching of controlled photographs as in mug shots matching and credit card verification to surveillance video images. The goal of this paper is to present a critical survey of existing literature on human and machine recognition of faces.
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